Saudi EFL Instructors' and Students' Perceptions toward Implementing Essay

Saudi EFL Instructors' and Students' Perceptions toward Implementing MALL in High Education - Essay Example This has resulted in new approaches of teaching and learning and this has made it possible to devise teaching plans within and outside the classrooms. The incorporation of technology into education is supported by a number of theories including behaviorism, constructivism, situated learning theory, collaborative learning theory, informal and lifelong learning theory (Naismith et al., 2004). In the field of teaching and learning new languages, many models that are based on the utilization of technologies have emerged. These technologies play a crucial role in the improvement of the educational process. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is one of these models in which students use computers to learn the language (Levy, 1997).Although CALL gained its popularity in many developed countries in the early 1980s, Saudi Arabia unfortunately did not introduce computers to its educational system until the last decade of the twentieth century (Oyaid, 2007). As a result of the constant developments in the field of ICT, a new stage of CALL developed known as mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) in which students use mobile devices in the language learning process (Begum, 2011). These devices are the new generation of computers and include personal portable mobile devices such as cell phones, MP3/MP4 players, personal digital assistants and palmtop computers used for lan guage learning (Kukulska-hulme, 2008). For the purpose of this paper, the researcher will focus on the use of smart phones and tablets for the delivery of higher education. Regardless of the challenges that result due the usage of mobile devices in education, a number of successful attempts have occurred in different parts of the world. This successful usage resulted in improving the linguistic competence of the students (for example, Thornton and Houser, 2003; Myers, 2000). However, it needs to be understood that in order to successfully implement MALL in any

Moble Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Moble Communication - Assignment Example It provides extraordinary quality so that it makes the HTML application more efficient in use. W3C ensures the long term development of the web by producing the strong protocols and guidelines for HTML whereas XHTML is preferred standard for W3C because it is the more extended version with better qualities and protocols. Moreover, the XHTML is better because more tools are available in it for the web development and it also more compatible for future as well as its more professional. b) W3C introduced new version of HTML which was HTML5 and this new version contains series of both text as well as html and its specification includes many applications programming’s. Advantages and Disadvantages: XML is the newer version and its more common tool for data alteration, manipulation and broadcast. CSS offers wide verity of providing specifications for XML elements. XML proves to be more flexible and efficient then HTML because user can modify it according to his/her owns requirements and XML is broader to support affluent media. For HTML, CSS provide a better way to maintain its standard. XML is uses more for the machine to machine communication as it is easier and flexible. HTML is that syntax which focuses on how the data looks when it is displayed whereas XML focuses on data and designing of the information and CSS is yet another tool to create the styling and giving format to the HTML. HTML is the whole semantic tool of creating web applications. Proper nesting for XML is required otherwise improper nesting of the information and data couldn’t perform effectively and XML allow user to make his/her own tags. HTML itself is widely used markup language therefore XML or CSS couldn’t replace HTML. HTML is flexible enough to deal with the hypertext linking and various activities, yet it is simpler to hold the establishment of web pages. c) The last three lines of this XHTML 1.0 document defines that XHTML 1.0 is used purely for structural mark-up an d it is henceforth free of the tags that are associated with the style. DTD in these lines are used for W3C’s to improve and add the font, color and alignment effects. For authoring any document in HTML or XHTML it is important to add the DOCTYPE declaration in order to ensure the proper performance of the document, whereas XMLNS is used for the presentation of the web page. XLMNS is used form qualifying names in the URL and its strict document where â€Å"en† means English and it’s a tag. The defines the information of the document and